TCP/IP Ports, CCNA 640-801 Exam Guide - Vibrant MCSE CCNA Boot Camp, UK

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Cisco Hierarchical Model:
For more information about this, please read our separate tutorial titled "The Cisco Hierarchical Model".

OSI Model:
The OSI model is a layered model and a conceptual standard used for defining standards to promote multi-vendor integration as well as maintain constant interfaces and isolate changes of implementation to a single layer. It is NOT application or protocol specific. In order to pass any Cisco exam, you need to know the OSI model inside and out.

The OSI Model consists of 7 layers as follows:

Layer	Description	Device	Protocol
Application	Provides network access for applications, flow control and error recovery. Provides communications services to applications by identifying and establishing the availability of other computers as well as to determine if sufficient resources exist for communication purposes.	Gateway	NCP, SMB, SMTP, FTP, SNMP, Telnet, Appletalk
Presentation	Performs protocol conversion, encryption and data compression	Gateway and redirectors	NCP, AFP, TDI
Session	Allows 2 applications to communicate over a network by opening a session and synchronizing the involved computers. Handles connection establishment, data transfer and connection release	Gateway	NetBios
Transport	Repackages messages into smaller formats, provides error free delivery and error handling functions	Gateway	NetBEUI, TCP, SPX, and NWLink
Network	Handles addressing, translates logical addresses and names to physical addresses, routing and traffic management.	Router and brouter	IP, IPX, NWLink, NetBEUI
**Data Link	Packages raw bits into frames making it transmitable across a network link and includes a cyclical redundancy check(CRC). It consists of the LLC sublayer and the MAC sublayer. The MAC sublayer is important to remember, as it is responsible for appending the MAC address of the next hop to the frame header. On the contrary, LLC sublayer uses Destination Service Access Points and Source Service Access Points to create links for the MAC sublayers.	Switch, bridge and brouter	None
Physical	Physical layer works with the physical media for transmitting and receiving data bits via certain encoding schemes. It also includes specifications for certain mechanical connection features, such as the adaptor connector.	Multiplexer and repeater	None

Here is an easy way to memorize the order of the layers:
All People Seem To Need Data Processing. The first letter of each word corresponds to the first letter of one of the layers. It is a little corny, but it works.

Class	Range	Explanation
A	1-126	IP addresses can be class A, B or C. Class A addresses are for networks with a large number of hosts. The first octet is the netid and the 3 remaining octets are the hostid. Class B addresses are used in medium to large networks with the first 2 octets making up the netid and the remaining 2 are the hostid. A class C is for smaller networks with the first 3 octets making up the netid and the last octet comprising the hostid. The later two classes aren’t used for networks.
B	128-191
C	192-223
D	224-239 (Multicasting)
E	240-255 (Experimental)

A subnet mask blocks out a portion of an IP address and is used to differentiate between the hostid and netid. The default subnet masks are as follows:

Class	Default Subnet	# of Subnets	# of Hosts Per Subnet
Class A	255.0.0.0	126	16,777,214
Class B	255.255.0.0	16,384	65,534
Class C	255.255.255.0	2,097,152	254

In these cases, the part of the IP address blocked out by 255 is the Net ID.

3COM’s IP addressing tutorial is just superior. It covers basic IP addressing options as well as subnetting and VLSM/CIDR.

IPX/SPX:
IPX will also be an important issue to consider in network management given the fact there many companies still use Netware servers. There are two parts to every IPX Network address - the Network ID and the Host ID. The first 8 hex digits represent the network ID, while the remaining hex digits represent the host ID, which is most likely the same as the MAC address, meaning we do not need to manually assign node addresses. Note that valid hexadecimal digits range from 0 through 9, and hexadecimal letters range from A through F. FFFFFFFF in hexadecimal notation = 4292967295 in decimal.

Sequenced Packet Exchange(SPX) belongs to the Transport layer, and is connection-oriented. It creates virtual circuits between hosts, and that each host is given a connection ID in the SPX header for identifying the connection. Service Advertisement Protocol(SAP) is used by NetWare servers to advertise network services via broadcast at an interval of every 60 minutes by default.

TCP Ports from 501 to 1000

stmf              501/tcp    #
stmf              501/udp    #
asa-appl-proto    502/tcp    #
asa-appl-proto    502/udp    #
intrinsa          503/tcp    #
intrinsa          503/udp    #
citadel           504/tcp    #
citadel           504/udp    #
mailbox-lm        505/tcp    #
mailbox-lm        505/udp    #
ohimsrv           506/tcp    #
ohimsrv           506/udp    #
crs               507/tcp    #
crs               507/udp    #
xvttp             508/tcp    #
xvttp             508/udp    #
snare             509/tcp    #
snare             509/udp    #
fcp               510/tcp    # FirstClass Protocol
fcp               510/udp    # FirstClass Protocol
passgo            511/tcp    #
passgo            511/udp    #
exec              512/tcp    # BSD rexecd(8)
biff              512/udp    # comsat
login             513/tcp    # BSD rlogind(8)
who               513/udp    # BSD rwhod(8)
shell             514/tcp    # BSD rshd(8)
syslog            514/udp    # BSD syslogd(8)
printer           515/tcp    # spooler (lpd)
printer           515/udp    # spooler (lpd)
videotex          516/tcp    #
videotex          516/udp    #
talk              517/tcp    # like tenex link, but across
talk              517/udp    # BSD talkd(8)
ntalk             518/tcp    # (talkd)
ntalk             518/udp    # (talkd)
utime             519/tcp    # unixtime
utime             519/udp    # unixtime
efs               520/tcp    # extended file name server
route             520/udp    # router routed -- RIP
ripng             521/tcp    #
ripng             521/udp    #
ulp               522/tcp    #
ulp               522/udp    #
ibm-db2           523/tcp    #
ibm-db2           523/udp    #
ncp               524/tcp    #
ncp               524/udp    #
timed             525/tcp    # timeserver
timed             525/udp    # timeserver
tempo             526/tcp    # newdate
tempo             526/udp    # newdate
stx               527/tcp    # Stock IXChange
stx               527/udp    # Stock IXChange
custix            528/tcp    # Customer IXChange
custix            528/udp    # Customer IXChange
irc-serv          529/tcp    #
irc-serv          529/udp    #
courier           530/tcp    # rpc
courier           530/udp    # rpc
conference        531/tcp    # chat
conference        531/udp    # chat
netnews           532/tcp    # readnews
netnews           532/udp    # readnews
netwall           533/tcp    # for emergency broadcasts
netwall           533/udp    # for emergency broadcasts
mm-admin          534/tcp    # MegaMedia Admin
mm-admin          534/udp    # MegaMedia Admin
iiop              535/tcp    #
iiop              535/udp    #
opalis-rdv        536/tcp    #
opalis-rdv        536/udp    #
nmsp              537/tcp    # Networked Media Streaming Protocol
nmsp              537/udp    # Networked Media Streaming Protocol
gdomap            538/tcp    #
gdomap            538/udp    #
apertus-ldp       539/tcp    # Apertus Technologies Load Determination
apertus-ldp       539/udp    # Apertus Technologies Load Determination
uucp              540/tcp    # uucpd
uucp              540/udp    # uucpd
uucp-rlogin       541/tcp    #
uucp-rlogin       541/udp    #
commerce          542/tcp    #
commerce          542/udp    #
klogin            543/tcp    # Kerberos (v4/v5)
klogin            543/udp    # Kerberos (v4/v5)
kshell            544/tcp    # krcmd Kerberos (v4/v5)
kshell            544/udp    # krcmd Kerberos (v4/v5)
ekshell           545/tcp    # Kerberos encrypted remote shell -kfall
appleqtcsrvr      545/udp    #
dhcpv6-client     546/tcp    # DHCPv6 Client
dhcpv6-client     546/udp    # DHCPv6 Client
dhcpv6-server     547/tcp    # DHCPv6 Server
dhcpv6-server     547/udp    # DHCPv6 Server
afpovertcp        548/tcp    # AFP over TCP
afpovertcp        548/udp    # AFP over TCP
idfp              549/tcp    #
idfp              549/udp    #
new-rwho          550/tcp    # new-who
new-rwho          550/udp    # new-who
cybercash         551/tcp    #
cybercash         551/udp    #
deviceshare       552/tcp    #
deviceshare       552/udp    #
pirp              553/tcp    #
pirp              553/udp    #
rtsp              554/tcp    # Real Time Stream Control Protocol
rtsp              554/udp    # Real Time Stream Control Protocol
dsf               555/tcp    #
dsf               555/udp    #
remotefs          556/tcp    # rfs, rfs_server, Brunhoff remote filesystem
remotefs          556/udp    # rfs, rfs_server, Brunhoff remote filesystem
openvms-sysipc    557/tcp    #
openvms-sysipc    557/udp    #
sdnskmp           558/tcp    #
sdnskmp           558/udp    #
teedtap           559/tcp    #
teedtap           559/udp    #
rmonitor          560/tcp    # rmonitord
rmonitor          560/udp    # rmonitord
monitor           561/tcp    #
monitor           561/udp    #
chshell           562/tcp    # chcmd
chshell           562/udp    # chcmd
snews             563/tcp    #
snews             563/udp    #
9pfs              564/tcp    # plan 9 file service
9pfs              564/udp    # plan 9 file service
whoami            565/tcp    #
whoami            565/udp    #
streettalk        566/tcp    #
banyan-rpc        567/tcp    #
banyan-rpc        567/udp    #
ms-shuttle        568/tcp    # Microsoft shuttle
ms-shuttle        568/udp    # Microsoft shuttle
ms-rome           569/tcp    # Microsoft rome
ms-rome           569/udp    # Microsoft rome
meter             570/tcp    # demon
meter             570/udp    # demon
umeter            571/tcp    # udemon
umeter            571/udp    # udemon
sonar             572/tcp    #
sonar             572/udp    #
banyan-vip        573/tcp    #
banyan-vip        573/udp    #
ftp-agent         574/tcp    # FTP Software Agent System
ftp-agent         574/udp    # FTP Software Agent System
vemmi             575/tcp    #
vemmi             575/udp    #
ipcd              576/tcp    #
ipcd              576/udp    #
vnas              577/tcp    #
vnas              577/udp    #
ipdd              578/tcp    #
ipdd              578/udp    #
decbsrv           579/tcp    #
decbsrv           579/udp    #
sntp-heartbeat    580/tcp    #
sntp-heartbeat    580/udp    #
bdp               581/tcp    # Bundle Discovery Protocol
bdp               581/udp    # Bundle Discovery Protocol
scc-security      582/tcp    #
scc-security      582/udp    #
philips-vc        583/tcp    # Philips Video-Conferencing
philips-vc        583/udp    # Philips Video-Conferencing
keyserver         584/tcp    #
keyserver         584/udp    #
imap4-ssl         585/tcp    # IMAP4+SSL (use of 585 is not recommended,
imap4-ssl         585/udp    # use 993 instead)
password-chg      586/tcp    #
password-chg      586/udp    #
submission        587/tcp    #
submission        587/udp    #
cal               588/tcp    #
cal               588/udp    #
eyelink           589/tcp    #
eyelink           589/udp    #
tns-cml           590/tcp    #
tns-cml           590/udp    #
http-alt          591/tcp    # FileMaker, Inc. - HTTP Alternate
http-alt          591/udp    # FileMaker, Inc. - HTTP Alternate
eudora-set        592/tcp    #
eudora-set        592/udp    #
http-rpc-epmap    593/tcp    # HTTP RPC Ep Map
http-rpc-epmap    593/udp    # HTTP RPC Ep Map
tpip              594/tcp    #
tpip              594/udp    #
cab-protocol      595/tcp    #
cab-protocol      595/udp    #
smsd              596/tcp    #
smsd              596/udp    #
ptcnameservice    597/tcp    # PTC Name Service
ptcnameservice    597/udp    # PTC Name Service
sco-websrvrmg3    598/tcp    # SCO Web Server Manager 3
sco-websrvrmg3    598/udp    # SCO Web Server Manager 3
acp               599/tcp    # Aeolon Core Protocol
acp               599/udp    # Aeolon Core Protocol
ipcserver         600/tcp    # Sun IPC server
ipcserver         600/udp    # Sun IPC server
urm               606/tcp    # Cray Unified Resource Manager
urm               606/udp    # Cray Unified Resource Manager
nqs               607/tcp    #
nqs               607/udp    #
sift-uft          608/tcp    # Sender-Initiated/Unsolicited File Transfer
sift-uft          608/udp    # Sender-Initiated/Unsolicited File Transfer
npmp-trap         609/tcp    #
npmp-trap         609/udp    #
npmp-local        610/tcp    #
npmp-local        610/udp    #
npmp-gui          611/tcp    #
npmp-gui          611/udp    #
qmqp              628/tcp    # Quick Mail Queueing
ginad             634/tcp    #
ginad             634/udp    #
mount             635/udp    # NFS Mount Service
pcnfs             640/udp    # PC-NFS DOS Authentication
bwnfs             650/udp    # BW-NFS DOS Authentication
doom              666/tcp    # doom Id Software
doom              666/udp    # doom Id Software
elcsd             704/tcp    # errlog copy/server daemon
elcsd             704/udp    # errlog copy/server daemon
entrustmanager    709/tcp    # EntrustManager - NorTel DES auth network see 389/tcp
entrustmanager    709/udp    # EntrustManager - NorTel DES auth network see 389/tcp
netviewdm1        729/tcp    # IBM NetView DM/6000 Server/Client
netviewdm1        729/udp    # IBM NetView DM/6000 Server/Client
netviewdm2        730/tcp    # IBM NetView DM/6000 send/tcp
netviewdm2        730/udp    # IBM NetView DM/6000 send/tcp
netviewdm3        731/tcp    # IBM NetView DM/6000 receive/tcp
netviewdm3        731/udp    # IBM NetView DM/6000 receive/tcp
netcp             740/tcp    # NETscout Control Protocol
netcp             740/udp    # NETscout Control Protocol
netgw             741/tcp    #
netgw             741/udp    #
netrcs            742/tcp    # Network based Rev. Cont. Sys.
netrcs            742/udp    # Network based Rev. Cont. Sys.
flexlm            744/tcp    # Flexible License Manager
flexlm            744/udp    # Flexible License Manager
fujitsu-dev       747/tcp    # Fujitsu Device Control
fujitsu-dev       747/udp    # Fujitsu Device Control
ris-cm            748/tcp    # Russell Info Sci Calendar Manager
ris-cm            748/udp    # Russell Info Sci Calendar Manager
kerberos-adm      749/tcp    # Kerberos 5 admin/changepw
kerberos-adm      749/udp    # Kerberos 5 admin/changepw
kerberos          750/tcp    # kdc Kerberos (v4)
kerberos          750/udp    # kdc Kerberos (v4)
kerberos_master   751/tcp    # Kerberos `kadmin' (v4)
kerberos_master   751/udp    # Kerberos `kadmin' (v4)
qrh               752/tcp    #
qrh               752/udp    #
rrh               753/tcp    #
rrh               753/udp    #
krb_prop          754/tcp    # kerberos/v5 server propagation
nlogin            758/tcp    #
nlogin            758/udp    #
con               759/tcp    #
con               759/udp    #
krbupdate         760/tcp    # kreg Kerberos (v4) registration
ns                760/udp    #
kpasswd           761/tcp    # kpwd Kerberos (v4) "passwd"
rxe               761/udp    #
quotad            762/tcp    #
quotad            762/udp    #
cycleserv         763/tcp    #
cycleserv         763/udp    #
omserv            764/tcp    #
omserv            764/udp    #
webster           765/tcp    #
webster           765/udp    #
phonebook         767/tcp    # phone
phonebook         767/udp    # phone
vid               769/tcp    #
vid               769/udp    #
cadlock           770/tcp    #
cadlock           770/udp    #
rtip              771/tcp    #
rtip              771/udp    #
cycleserv2        772/tcp    #
cycleserv2        772/udp    #
submit            773/tcp    #
notify            773/udp    #
rpasswd           774/tcp    #
acmaint_dbd       774/udp    #
entomb            775/tcp    #
acmaint_transd    775/udp    #
wpages            776/tcp    #
wpages            776/udp    #
wpgs              780/tcp    #
wpgs              780/udp    #
hp-collector      781/tcp    # hp performance data collector
hp-collector      781/udp    # hp performance data collector
hp-managed-node   782/tcp    # hp performance data managed node
hp-managed-node   782/udp    # hp performance data managed node
hp-alarm-mgr      783/tcp    # hp performance data alarm manager
hp-alarm-mgr      783/udp    # hp performance data alarm manager
concert           786/tcp    #
concert           786/udp    #
mdbs_daemon       800/tcp    #
mdbs_daemon       800/udp    #
device            801/tcp    #
device            801/udp    #
supfilesrv        871/tcp    # SUP server
accessbuilder     888/tcp    # or Audio CD Database
accessbuilder     888/udp    #
simap             993/tcp    # IMAP over SSL
xtreelic          996/tcp    # XTREE License Server
vsinet            996/udp    #
maitrd            997/tcp    #
maitrd            997/udp    #
busboy            998/tcp    #
puparp            998/udp    #
garcon            999/tcp    #
applix            999/udp    # Applix ac
cadlock           1000/tcp   #
ock               1000/udp   #

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