CCNA Bootcamp Notes, CCNA 640-801 Exam Guide

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MCITP MCSE and CCNA Certification Notes Series :

MCSE 2016 Boot Camp : Azure Boot camp : CCNA / CCNAX Boot Camp:

CCNA Boot Camp

Cisco Hierarchical Model:
For more information about this, please read our separate tutorial titled "The Cisco Hierarchical Model".

OSI Model:
The OSI model is a layered model and a conceptual standard used for defining standards to promote multi-vendor integration as well as maintain constant interfaces and isolate changes of implementation to a single layer. It is NOT application or protocol specific. In order to pass any Cisco exam, you need to know the OSI model inside and out.

The OSI Model consists of 7 layers as follows:

Layer	Description	Device	Protocol
Application	Provides network access for applications, flow control and error recovery. Provides communications services to applications by identifying and establishing the availability of other computers as well as to determine if sufficient resources exist for communication purposes.	Gateway	NCP, SMB, SMTP, FTP, SNMP, Telnet, Appletalk
Presentation	Performs protocol conversion, encryption and data compression	Gateway and redirectors	NCP, AFP, TDI
Session	Allows 2 applications to communicate over a network by opening a session and synchronizing the involved computers. Handles connection establishment, data transfer and connection release	Gateway	NetBios
Transport	Repackages messages into smaller formats, provides error free delivery and error handling functions	Gateway	NetBEUI, TCP, SPX, and NWLink
Network	Handles addressing, translates logical addresses and names to physical addresses, routing and traffic management.	Router and brouter	IP, IPX, NWLink, NetBEUI
**Data Link	Packages raw bits into frames making it transmitable across a network link and includes a cyclical redundancy check(CRC). It consists of the LLC sublayer and the MAC sublayer. The MAC sublayer is important to remember, as it is responsible for appending the MAC address of the next hop to the frame header. On the contrary, LLC sublayer uses Destination Service Access Points and Source Service Access Points to create links for the MAC sublayers.	Switch, bridge and brouter	None
Physical	Physical layer works with the physical media for transmitting and receiving data bits via certain encoding schemes. It also includes specifications for certain mechanical connection features, such as the adaptor connector.	Multiplexer and repeater	None

Here is an easy way to memorize the order of the layers:
All People Seem To Need Data Processing. The first letter of each word corresponds to the first letter of one of the layers. It is a little corny, but it works.

Class	Range	Explanation
A	1-126	IP addresses can be class A, B or C. Class A addresses are for networks with a large number of hosts. The first octet is the netid and the 3 remaining octets are the hostid. Class B addresses are used in medium to large networks with the first 2 octets making up the netid and the remaining 2 are the hostid. A class C is for smaller networks with the first 3 octets making up the netid and the last octet comprising the hostid. The later two classes aren’t used for networks.
B	128-191
C	192-223
D	224-239 (Multicasting)
E	240-255 (Experimental)

A subnet mask blocks out a portion of an IP address and is used to differentiate between the hostid and netid. The default subnet masks are as follows:

Class	Default Subnet	# of Subnets	# of Hosts Per Subnet
Class A	255.0.0.0	126	16,777,214
Class B	255.255.0.0	16,384	65,534
Class C	255.255.255.0	2,097,152	254

In these cases, the part of the IP address blocked out by 255 is the Net ID.

3COM’s IP addressing tutorial is just superior. It covers basic IP addressing options as well as subnetting and VLSM/CIDR.

IPX/SPX:
IPX will also be an important issue to consider in network management given the fact there many companies still use Netware servers. There are two parts to every IPX Network address - the Network ID and the Host ID. The first 8 hex digits represent the network ID, while the remaining hex digits represent the host ID, which is most likely the same as the MAC address, meaning we do not need to manually assign node addresses. Note that valid hexadecimal digits range from 0 through 9, and hexadecimal letters range from A through F. FFFFFFFF in hexadecimal notation = 4292967295 in decimal.

Sequenced Packet Exchange(SPX) belongs to the Transport layer, and is connection-oriented. It creates virtual circuits between hosts, and that each host is given a connection ID in the SPX header for identifying the connection. Service Advertisement Protocol(SAP) is used by NetWare servers to advertise network services via broadcast at an interval of every 60 minutes by default.

TCP Ports from 1001 to 1500

ufsd              1008/tcp   # ufsd # UFS-aware server
ufsd              1008/udp   #
listen            1025/tcp   # listener RFS remote_file_sharing
blackjack         1025/udp   # network blackjack
nterm             1026/tcp   # remote_login network_terminal
iad1              1030/tcp   # BBN IAD
iad1              1030/udp   # BBN IAD
iad2              1031/tcp   # BBN IAD
iad2              1031/udp   # BBN IAD
iad3              1032/tcp   # BBN IAD
iad3              1032/udp   # BBN IAD
nim               1058/tcp   #
nim               1058/udp   #
nimreg            1059/tcp   #
nimreg            1059/udp   #
instl_boots       1067/tcp   # Installation Bootstrap Proto. Serv.
instl_boots       1067/udp   # Installation Bootstrap Proto. Serv.
instl_bootc       1068/tcp   # Installation Bootstrap Proto. Cli.
instl_bootc       1068/udp   # Installation Bootstrap Proto. Cli.
socks             1080/tcp   #
socks             1080/udp   #
ansoft-lm-1       1083/tcp   # Anasoft License Manager
ansoft-lm-1       1083/udp   # Anasoft License Manager
ansoft-lm-2       1084/tcp   # Anasoft License Manager
ansoft-lm-2       1084/udp   # Anasoft License Manager
xaudio            1103/tcp   # Xaserver # X Audio Server
kpop              1109/tcp   # Pop with Kerberos
nfsd-status       1110/tcp   # Cluster status info
nfsd-keepalive    1110/udp   # Client status info
msql              1112/tcp   # mini-sql server
supfiledbg        1127/tcp   # SUP debugging
nfa               1155/tcp   # Network File Access
nfa               1155/udp   # Network File Access
phone             1167/udp   # conference calling
skkserv           1178/tcp   # SKK (kanji input)
lupa              1212/tcp   #
lupa              1212/udp   #
nerv              1222/tcp   # SNI R&D network
nerv              1222/udp   # SNI R&D network
msg               1241/tcp   # remote message server
hermes            1248/tcp   #
hermes            1248/udp   #
alta-ana-lm       1346/tcp   # Alta Analytics License Manager
alta-ana-lm       1346/udp   # Alta Analytics License Manager
bbn-mmc           1347/tcp   # multi media conferencing
bbn-mmc           1347/udp   # multi media conferencing
bbn-mmx           1348/tcp   # multi media conferencing
bbn-mmx           1348/udp   # multi media conferencing
sbook             1349/tcp   # Registration Network Protocol
sbook             1349/udp   # Registration Network Protocol
editbench         1350/tcp   # Registration Network Protocol
editbench         1350/udp   # Registration Network Protocol
equationbuilder   1351/tcp   # Digital Tool Works (MIT)
equationbuilder   1351/udp   # Digital Tool Works (MIT)
lotusnote         1352/tcp   # Lotus Note
lotusnote         1352/udp   # Lotus Note
relief            1353/tcp   # Relief Consulting
relief            1353/udp   # Relief Consulting
rightbrain        1354/tcp   # RightBrain Software
rightbrain        1354/udp   # RightBrain Software
intuitive-edge    1355/tcp   # Intuitive Edge
intuitive-edge    1355/udp   # Intuitive Edge
cuillamartin      1356/tcp   # CuillaMartin Company
cuillamartin      1356/udp   # CuillaMartin Company
pegboard          1357/tcp   # Electronic PegBoard
pegboard          1357/udp   # Electronic PegBoard
connlcli          1358/tcp   #
connlcli          1358/udp   #
ftsrv             1359/tcp   #
ftsrv             1359/udp   #
mimer             1360/tcp   #
mimer             1360/udp   #
linx              1361/tcp   #
linx              1361/udp   #
timeflies         1362/tcp   #
timeflies         1362/udp   #
ndm-requester     1363/tcp   # Network DataMover Requester
ndm-requester     1363/udp   # Network DataMover Requester
ndm-server        1364/tcp   # Network DataMover Server
ndm-server        1364/udp   # Network DataMover Server
adapt-sna         1365/tcp   # Network Software Associates
adapt-sna         1365/udp   # Network Software Associates
netware-csp       1366/tcp   # Novell NetWare Comm Service Platform
netware-csp       1366/udp   # Novell NetWare Comm Service Platform
dcs               1367/tcp   #
dcs               1367/udp   #
screencast        1368/tcp   #
screencast        1368/udp   #
gv-us             1369/tcp   # GlobalView to Unix Shell
gv-us             1369/udp   # GlobalView to Unix Shell
us-gv             1370/tcp   # Unix Shell to GlobalView
us-gv             1370/udp   # Unix Shell to GlobalView
fc-cli            1371/tcp   # Fujitsu Config Protocol
fc-cli            1371/udp   # Fujitsu Config Protocol
fc-ser            1372/tcp   # Fujitsu Config Protocol
fc-ser            1372/udp   # Fujitsu Config Protocol
chromagrafx       1373/tcp   #
chromagrafx       1373/udp   #
molly             1374/tcp   # EPI Software Systems
molly             1374/udp   # EPI Software Systems
bytex             1375/tcp   #
bytex             1375/udp   #
ibm-pps           1376/tcp   # IBM Person to Person Software
ibm-pps           1376/udp   # IBM Person to Person Software
cichlid           1377/tcp   # Cichlid License Manager
cichlid           1377/udp   # Cichlid License Manager
elan              1378/tcp   # Elan License Manager
elan              1378/udp   # Elan License Manager
dbreporter        1379/tcp   # Integrity Solutions
dbreporter        1379/udp   # Integrity Solutions
telesis-licman    1380/tcp   # Telesis Network License Manager
telesis-licman    1380/udp   # Telesis Network License Manager
apple-licman      1381/tcp   # Apple Network License Manager
apple-licman      1381/udp   # Apple Network License Manager
gwha              1383/tcp   # GW Hannaway Network License Manager
gwha              1383/udp   # GW Hannaway Network License Manager
os-licman         1384/tcp   # Objective Solutions License Manager
os-licman         1384/udp   # Objective Solutions License Manager
atex_elmd         1385/tcp   # Atex Publishing License Manager
atex_elmd         1385/udp   # Atex Publishing License Manager
checksum          1386/tcp   # CheckSum License Manager
checksum          1386/udp   # CheckSum License Manager
cadsi-lm          1387/tcp   # Computer Aided Design Software Inc LM
cadsi-lm          1387/udp   # Computer Aided Design Software Inc LM
objective-dbc     1388/tcp   # Objective Solutions DataBase Cache
objective-dbc     1388/udp   # Objective Solutions DataBase Cache
iclpv-dm          1389/tcp   # Document Manager
iclpv-dm          1389/udp   # Document Manager
iclpv-sc          1390/tcp   # Storage Controller
iclpv-sc          1390/udp   # Storage Controller
iclpv-sas         1391/tcp   # Storage Access Server
iclpv-sas         1391/udp   # Storage Access Server
iclpv-pm          1392/tcp   # Print Manager
iclpv-pm          1392/udp   # Print Manager
iclpv-nls         1393/tcp   # Network Log Server
iclpv-nls         1393/udp   # Network Log Server
iclpv-nlc         1394/tcp   # Network Log Client
iclpv-nlc         1394/udp   # Network Log Client
iclpv-wsm         1395/tcp   # PC Workstation Manager software
iclpv-wsm         1395/udp   # PC Workstation Manager software
dvl-activemail    1396/tcp   # DVL Active Mail
dvl-activemail    1396/udp   # DVL Active Mail
audio-activmail   1397/tcp   # Audio Active Mail
audio-activmail   1397/udp   # Audio Active Mail
video-activmail   1398/tcp   # Video Active Mail
video-activmail   1398/udp   # Video Active Mail
cadkey-licman     1399/tcp   # Cadkey License Manager
cadkey-licman     1399/udp   # Cadkey License Manager
cadkey-tablet     1400/tcp   # Cadkey Tablet Daemon
cadkey-tablet     1400/udp   # Cadkey Tablet Daemon
goldleaf-licman   1401/tcp   # Goldleaf License Manager
goldleaf-licman   1401/udp   # Goldleaf License Manager
prm-sm-np         1402/tcp   # Prospero Resource Manager
prm-sm-np         1402/udp   # Prospero Resource Manager
prm-nm-np         1403/tcp   # Prospero Resource Manager
prm-nm-np         1403/udp   # Prospero Resource Manager
igi-lm            1404/tcp   # Infinite Graphics License Manager
igi-lm            1404/udp   # Infinite Graphics License Manager
ibm-res           1405/tcp   # IBM Remote Execution Starter
ibm-res           1405/udp   # IBM Remote Execution Starter
netlabs-lm        1406/tcp   # NetLabs License Manager
netlabs-lm        1406/udp   # NetLabs License Manager
dbsa-lm           1407/tcp   # DBSA License Manager
dbsa-lm           1407/udp   # DBSA License Manager
sophia-lm         1408/tcp   # Sophia License Manager
sophia-lm         1408/udp   # Sophia License Manager
here-lm           1409/tcp   # Here License Manager
here-lm           1409/udp   # Here License Manager
hiq               1410/tcp   # HiQ License Manager
hiq               1410/udp   # HiQ License Manager
af                1411/tcp   # AudioFile
af                1411/udp   # AudioFile
innosys           1412/tcp   #
innosys           1412/udp   #
innosys-acl       1413/tcp   #
innosys-acl       1413/udp   #
ibm-mqseries      1414/tcp   # IBM MQSeries
ibm-mqseries      1414/udp   # IBM MQSeries
dbstar            1415/tcp   #
dbstar            1415/udp   #
novell-lu6.2      1416/tcp   # Novell LU6.2
novell-lu6.2      1416/udp   # Novell LU6.2
timbuktu-srv1     1417/tcp   # Timbuktu Service 1 Port
timbuktu-srv1     1417/udp   # Timbuktu Service 1 Port
timbuktu-srv2     1418/tcp   # Timbuktu Service 2 Port
timbuktu-srv2     1418/udp   # Timbuktu Service 2 Port
timbuktu-srv3     1419/tcp   # Timbuktu Service 3 Port
timbuktu-srv3     1419/udp   # Timbuktu Service 3 Port
timbuktu-srv4     1420/tcp   # Timbuktu Service 4 Port
timbuktu-srv4     1420/udp   # Timbuktu Service 4 Port
gandalf-lm        1421/tcp   # Gandalf License Manager
gandalf-lm        1421/udp   # Gandalf License Manager
autodesk-lm       1422/tcp   # Autodesk License Manager
autodesk-lm       1422/udp   # Autodesk License Manager
essbase           1423/tcp   # Essbase Arbor Software
essbase           1423/udp   # Essbase Arbor Software
hybrid            1424/tcp   # Hybrid Encryption Protocol
hybrid            1424/udp   # Hybrid Encryption Protocol
zion-lm           1425/tcp   # Zion Software License Manager
zion-lm           1425/udp   # Zion Software License Manager
sas-1             1426/tcp   # Satellite-data Acquisition System 1
sas-1             1426/udp   # Satellite-data Acquisition System 1
mloadd            1427/tcp   # mloadd monitoring tool
mloadd            1427/udp   # mloadd monitoring tool
informatik-lm     1428/tcp   # Informatik License Manager
informatik-lm     1428/udp   # Informatik License Manager
nms               1429/tcp   # Hypercom NMS
nms               1429/udp   # Hypercom NMS
tpdu              1430/tcp   # Hypercom TPDU
tpdu              1430/udp   # Hypercom TPDU
rgtp              1431/tcp   # Reverse Gossip Transport
rgtp              1431/udp   # Reverse Gossip Transport
blueberry-lm      1432/tcp   # Blueberry Software License Manager
blueberry-lm      1432/udp   # Blueberry Software License Manager
ms-sql-s          1433/tcp   # Microsoft-SQL-Server
ms-sql-s          1433/udp   # Microsoft-SQL-Server
ms-sql-m          1434/tcp   # Microsoft-SQL-Monitor
ms-sql-m          1434/udp   # Microsoft-SQL-Monitor
ibm-cics          1435/tcp   #
ibm-cics          1435/udp   #
sas-2             1436/tcp   # Satellite-data Acquisition System 2
sas-2             1436/udp   # Satellite-data Acquisition System 2
tabula            1437/tcp   #
tabula            1437/udp   #
eicon-server      1438/tcp   # Eicon Security Agent/Server
eicon-server      1438/udp   # Eicon Security Agent/Server
eicon-x25         1439/tcp   # Eicon X25/SNA Gateway
eicon-x25         1439/udp   # Eicon X25/SNA Gateway
eicon-slp         1440/tcp   # Eicon Service Location Protocol
eicon-slp         1440/udp   # Eicon Service Location Protocol
cadis-1           1441/tcp   # Cadis License Management
cadis-1           1441/udp   # Cadis License Management
cadis-2           1442/tcp   # Cadis License Management
cadis-2           1442/udp   # Cadis License Management
ies-lm            1443/tcp   # Integrated Engineering Software
ies-lm            1443/udp   # Integrated Engineering Software
marcam-lm         1444/tcp   # Marcam License Management
marcam-lm         1444/udp   # Marcam License Management
proxima-lm        1445/tcp   # Proxima License Manager
proxima-lm        1445/udp   # Proxima License Manager
ora-lm            1446/tcp   # Optical Research Associates License Manager
ora-lm            1446/udp   # Optical Research Associates License Manager
apri-lm           1447/tcp   # Applied Parallel Research LM
apri-lm           1447/udp   # Applied Parallel Research LM
oc-lm             1448/tcp   # OpenConnect License Manager
oc-lm             1448/udp   # OpenConnect License Manager
peport            1449/tcp   #
peport            1449/udp   #
dwf               1450/tcp   # Tandem Distributed Workbench Facility
dwf               1450/udp   # Tandem Distributed Workbench Facility
infoman           1451/tcp   # IBM Information Management
infoman           1451/udp   # IBM Information Management
gtegsc-lm         1452/tcp   # GTE Government Systems License Man
gtegsc-lm         1452/udp   # GTE Government Systems License Man
genie-lm          1453/tcp   # Genie License Manager
genie-lm          1453/udp   # Genie License Manager
interhdl_elmd     1454/tcp   # interHDL License Manager
interhdl_elmd     1454/udp   # interHDL License Manager
esl-lm            1455/tcp   # ESL License Manager
esl-lm            1455/udp   # ESL License Manager
dca               1456/tcp   #
dca               1456/udp   #
valisys-lm        1457/tcp   # Valisys License Manager
valisys-lm        1457/udp   # Valisys License Manager
nrcabq-lm         1458/tcp   # Nichols Research Corp.
nrcabq-lm         1458/udp   # Nichols Research Corp.
proshare1         1459/tcp   # Proshare Notebook Application
proshare1         1459/udp   # Proshare Notebook Application
proshare2         1460/tcp   # Proshare Notebook Application
proshare2         1460/udp   # Proshare Notebook Application
ibm_wrless_lan    1461/tcp   # IBM Wireless LAN
ibm_wrless_lan    1461/udp   # IBM Wireless LAN
world-lm          1462/tcp   # World License Manager
world-lm          1462/udp   # World License Manager
nucleus           1463/tcp   #
nucleus           1463/udp   #
msl_lmd           1464/tcp   # MSL License Manager
msl_lmd           1464/udp   # MSL License Manager
pipes             1465/tcp   # Pipes Platform
pipes             1465/udp   #
oceansoft-lm      1466/tcp   # Ocean Software License Manager
oceansoft-lm      1466/udp   # Ocean Software License Manager
csdmbase          1467/tcp   #
csdmbase          1467/udp   #
csdm              1468/tcp   #
csdm              1468/udp   #
aal-lm            1469/tcp   # Active Analysis Limited License Manager
aal-lm            1469/udp   # Active Analysis Limited License Manager
uaiact            1470/tcp   # Universal Analytics
uaiact            1470/udp   # Universal Analytics
csdmbase          1471/tcp   #
csdmbase          1471/udp   #
csdm              1472/tcp   #
csdm              1472/udp   #
openmath          1473/tcp   #
openmath          1473/udp   #
telefinder        1474/tcp   #
telefinder        1474/udp   #
taligent-lm       1475/tcp   # Taligent License Manager
taligent-lm       1475/udp   # Taligent License Manager
clvm-cfg          1476/tcp   #
clvm-cfg          1476/udp   #
ms-sna-server     1477/tcp   #
ms-sna-server     1477/udp   #
ms-sna-base       1478/tcp   #
ms-sna-base       1478/udp   #
dberegister       1479/tcp   #
dberegister       1479/udp   #
pacerforum        1480/tcp   #
pacerforum        1480/udp   #
airs              1481/tcp   #
airs              1481/udp   #
miteksys-lm       1482/tcp   # Miteksys License Manager
miteksys-lm       1482/udp   # Miteksys License Manager
afs               1483/tcp   # AFS License Manager
afs               1483/udp   # AFS License Manager
confluent         1484/tcp   # Confluent License Manager
confluent         1484/udp   # Confluent License Manager
lansource         1485/tcp   #
lansource         1485/udp   #
nms_topo_serv     1486/tcp   #
nms_topo_serv     1486/udp   #
localinfosrvr     1487/tcp   #
localinfosrvr     1487/udp   #
docstor           1488/tcp   #
docstor           1488/udp   #
dmdocbroker       1489/tcp   #
dmdocbroker       1489/udp   #
insitu-conf       1490/tcp   #
insitu-conf       1490/udp   #
anynetgateway     1491/tcp   #
anynetgateway     1491/udp   #
stone-design-1    1492/tcp   #
stone-design-1    1492/udp   #
netmap_lm         1493/tcp   #
netmap_lm         1493/udp   #
ica               1494/tcp   #
ica               1494/udp   #
cvc               1495/tcp   #
cvc               1495/udp   #
liberty-lm        1496/tcp   #
liberty-lm        1496/udp   #
rfx-lm            1497/tcp   #
rfx-lm            1497/udp   #
watcom-sql        1498/tcp   #
watcom-sql        1498/udp   #
fhc               1499/tcp   # Federico Heinz Consultora
fhc               1499/udp   # Federico Heinz Consultora
vlsi-lm           1500/tcp   # VLSI License Manager
vlsi-lm           1500/udp   # VLSI License Manager

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